Crto vs oscp. However, it assumes some basic pentestinf skills.
- Crto vs oscp. While OSWE is more specialized and advanced.
- Crto vs oscp. Oct 25, 2023 · CPTS vs OSCP. This guide explains the objectives of the OffSec Certified Professional (OSCP) certification exam. Now what you all really want to know about, AD. It equips you with practical skills and knowledge that are invaluable in the field of cybersecurity. If you can't afford it, it's also fine and I'm sure you'll land on your feet, especially since cybersecurity is already your main field. We also organize live events to help with OSCP or CRTO for Cyber pro. To apply, please email exambookings@crest-approved. 当然通过了OSCP会在上面的某些模块有很好的基础 Jan 4, 2016 · What it means to be an OSCP. The latter give you a good understanding of Active Directory Apr 16, 2022 · I’ll preface everything I say hereon in with: I don’t hold PNPT and my OSCP is ~10 years old. Similarly, the Offensive Security Certified Professional exam serves as a means for individuals to bolster their foundational knowledge in standard penetration testing practices Jan 17, 2024 · Course Modules and Labs. Average annual salary: $98,000. eWPT goes much more into web app testing. It is so far the best learning experience I had on an online certification and I wanted to share a bit of what to expect from the course as well Jan 10, 2022 · The CRTO exam is a 48-hour assessment where the student must gather 6 of 8 flags to pass. rvasquezgt. 0xsyr0/OSCP. OSEP is focused on AD, and on . Get CRTO instead or another offsec cert. CRTP focuses only on Active Directory (and starts with the assumption that you have access to a domain account) whereas PNPT covers the whole penetration testing life cycle and will teach you how to get that domain account in the first place. Infosec’s course gives exposure to the Linux operating system. You’re given 48 hours of Rasta Mouse's Red Team Operator cert (zero point security) is the best technical intro to red team tactics. If you’re looking for resume pad and don’t have many skills, OSCP. Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP) Exam fee: $1,599. According to some people I spoke to, the material covered in this certification is more in-depth and applicable to real-world scenarios compared to the OSCP cert. I have been fortunate enough to obtain several highly PEN-300 is an advanced course designed for OSCP-level penetration testers who want to develop their skills against hardened systems; Job roles like senior penetration tester, security researcher, application penetration tester, and any software developer working on security products could benefit from the course; Learn more about the exam Fluid Attacks tests applications and other systems, covering all software development stages. OSCP will get you into interviews easier as i've heard. The OSCP has been around far longer and is prob more known. I wouldnt say the CRTO holds weight over the OSCP. The HTB Prolabs are a MAJOR overkill for the oscp. Jun 11, 2023 · Prior to the CRTO, I have done a couple of certifications geared towards pentesting (OSCP, eCPPT, eJPT), and the knowledge I had beforehand definitely came in handy (e. Really depends on what/where OP wants to go. OSCP Cheat Sheet. Existing vulnerabilities are identified and organized attacks are executed by OSCP. This is offered by an organization called the International Information System Security Certification Consortium, or (ISC)², Those are a lot of words, but you just need to remember CISSP and (ISC)² (pronounced "eye-ess-cee If you enjoyed this content, please be sure to Like, Comment and Subscribe!Join the Discord!https://discord. eCPPT looks like great training material and having the certification shows you have potential, but if there were two candidates going for a job I think the scales would be tipped slightly more in the direction of the one with OSCP. We’ll explore how the OSCP exam involves real-world penetration Apr 29, 2021 · Here’s how Offsec themselves put it: The main purpose of a red team test is to test or train the security personal in the client organization, which are referred to as the blue team. Don’t bother with GPEN if you have OSCP. With OSCP, the goal was to find a vulnerable service, look for a public exploit of that service, tweak the exploit a bit, and repeat until you get root. Yes it talks about AD but it doesn’t get anywhere near as deep as CRTP does. The PEN-300 course culminated in a challenging exam that required capturing flags in a simulated network. So far, I'm contemplating between the eCPPT, CPTS, CRTP, and CRTO. Red Team Operations Training Boot Camp. The OSCP certification exam simulates a live network in a private VPN Winner: GPEN. • 10 mo. Basically after studying PEH, eJPT felt really really doable cause all the basic tools and methodology wasn't something new to me. org. Overall, this was a great follow-up to OSCP, because it took my Active Directory knowledge further and allowed me to practice with a real C2. This is the first post reviewing the leading certifications in red team field. Apr 10, 2024 · The CISSP certification has two certification level requirements. OSCP is a beginner-friendly course, compared to that of the OSWE, that focuses more on the breadth of knowledge rather than depth. It depends what your objectives are. Disclaimer : This cheat sheet has been compiled from multiple sources with the objective of aiding fellow pentesters and red teamers in their learning. Jan 19, 2015 · However, with OSCP being widely recognised as a tough course to pass, it may get your further in the real world. I have the GPEN, it’s a good cert with some hands on sections but it does not compare to the OSCP very closely. Jul 2, 2023 · CRTO Exam. Sep 22, 2023 · CPTS vs. Jul 16, 2023 · Published Jul 16, 2023. Contribute to 0xsyr0/OSCP development by creating an account on GitHub. It’s the most comprehensive on the market at this time. If you don't have any cloud knowledge then grab one of the AWS associates certs like AWS SAA. Cost - $1000 - $1349. The credit for all the tools and techniques belongs to their Mar 28, 2024 · Produced by CompTIA, the PenTest+ exam is two hours and 45-minute long, consisting of a maximum of 90 multiple-choice and practical “performance-based” questions. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. While the labs utilise Cobalt Strike, you could feasibly translate the teachings to almost Dec 4, 2023 · OSCP is geared more towards current cyber security professionals, not people who want to start a career in the field. Reply. ) which feels like a sprint, the CRTO exam felt like a marathon. Our team assists clients in quickly identifying and managing vulnerabilities to reduce the risk of incidents and deploy secure technology. eLearnSecurity PTX VS PentesterAcademy Windows Red Team Lab. At the time of writing, this costs $1299. The second is to earn and maintain a score of 120 CPE. PEN-300 has two types of labs: course module labs After OSCP, and then an earned break, I suggest checking out the CRTO. Hey Everyone, CRTO is pretty much the most popular suggestion for a follow-up cert right after OSCP. Jan 15, 2022 · OSWE vs OSCP. Hi everyone, I am excited to share that I have made significant growth in my penetration testing skills over roughly the past 2 years. Offensive Security OSCP, OSWP, OSEP, OSWA, OSWE, OSED, OSMR, OSEE, OSDA Exam and Lab Reporting / Note-Taking Tool - Syslifters/OffSec-Reporting Jun 19, 2022 · The OSEP certification from Offensive Security is a step up from OSCP. Cause it's based after a real pentest and you have to understand about routing and pivoting (a subject that PEH course and HTB recommended boxes didn't had). 0 Introduction. pivoting, the concept of reverse vs bind shell, etc). That said, the CRTO is on a different level due to the need for OPSEC and bypassing defenses, and when I was taking the Apr 14, 2023 · OSCP is widely recognized for its focus on practical skills and hands-on experience, while CPENT covers more topics and specializes in emerging areas of cybersecurity. com before OSEP really improved my Active Directory. Like getting a degree from a university, no matter what happens in your life from that point forward, the fact is you earned The material is also much more up to date and streamlined, in my opinion (granted I took OSCP two-ish years ago or whenever they first rolled out the AD set). You will find students, moderators and much more. While OSWE is more specialized and advanced. Oct 15, 2022 · This week I passed the Certified Red Team Operator (CRTO) exam by RastaMouse from ZeroPointSecurity. . You can also take it online through EC-Council (the body that issues the CEH), which reduces the cost to $950. Jan 25, 2022 · The Certified Ethical Hacker and the OSCP credentials aren’t cheap, although CEH is a little more expensive than OSCP. I am seriously considering pursuing CPTS because despite landing some job OSCP > CRTO > OSEP > CARTP > OSWE (about to start) In between those I did quite a few other courses such as some from Sektor7, TCM Security (Mobile, Digital Forensics, Python, just picked up MA&T), Blackhills Security Breaching the Cloud, Did all the labs on Portswigger Academy, Working my way through PentesterLabs (focus on scripting Web vulnerabilities). I took OSCP back in the Summer and just passed CRTO this week. a Rastamouse course, even if since then Zero-point security has released other courses on offensive programming. Note that if you fail, you'll have to Hi guys, I have the eJPT and PNPT certs and my aim is to complete the OSCP in time. $2500 for the OSCP sounds like a lot but its well known within the industry and will help with a job. 22. I'm looking at training/certifications in the interim that may better assist me to prepare for the OSCP. eCPPT is technically (that is, from a technical standpoint) harder. All in all id start with the OSCP to get a handle with the tools and mind set and if you’re interested in going down the red team route definitely check out the CRTO after. I cant tell you how hard it is to get a job. PWK - When you sign up for PWK (Penetration Testing with Kali, the course required for the OSCP) you get to pick a start date for your course material/lab start date to start on. It was well worth the money and every part of it was incredibly enjoyable. Dec 18, 2023 · An in depth comparison of CPTS vs OSCP. CPENT vs OSCP: Choosing the Right Path: You can't really compare the two courses. Hack the Box CPTS vs the “standard” certifications industry. The CRTO is fairly new and kind of specialist. OSCP has a notoriously difficult hands-on exam. 关于本地管理员密码的一些攻击方法. Goal: finish the lab & take the exam to become CRTO OR use the external route to take the exam without the course if you have OSCP (not recommended). However, the GPEN exam is easier because it’s open-book and knowledge-based. k. Jun 5, 2021 · Overall, I thought OSEP was a great course, and laid out in a super achievable and logical way. In a nut-shell they ban all commercial, autopwn, and mass-scanning tools . Just passed the OSCP exam and would like to get some training in Active-Directory pentesting. That said, its "unnaturally" or "artificially" difficult. The OSWA certification exam simulates a live network, which contains several vulnerable systems. https://nosecurity. The exams are upto date, challenging, and decently priced. faceerase. e what artifacts different tools leave behind), and general blue team practices. The OSCP is absolutely worth it. If you have the OSCP or OSCP equivalent skills, then definitely go for it. It was amazing. This 48-hours of lab time is spread across a 4-day window, as you have the ability to stop and start the exam environment as needed. However, if you want to be a pentester for next 5 years, you must aim to get both (in elearnsecurity is up and coming in the cert world. Besides some of the obvious big-ticket items – such as Offensive Security’s OSCP certification – I quickly zeroed-in on Daniel Duggan’s Certified Red Team Operator (CRTO) certification. May 5, 2023 · Certified Red Team Operator (CRTO) This course is developed by Zero-Point Security ( RastaMouse) and is designed to walk the student through Active Directory penetration testing using Command and Control infrastructure (commonly referred to as C&C or C2). However, its not part of the DoD req like sec + is so job employers dont know or care much about it. All you need is whats in the pdf and maybe if you want to do a lil extra some tryhackme rooms that are focused on AD (e. So choose by yourself if you existing employee then dont waste 1500 usd , buy a voucher for 400-500 usd for CPENT and try to pass it . Nov 18, 2019 · The Penetration Testing Boot Camp would also be worth considering in order to gain hacking skills that are highly in demand. Totally different beasts. I’ve taken both and have my OSCP, I feel I’ve gained more technical knowledge with CRTO with the caveat that it’s more red team/AD/Cobalt Strike focused. When a student earns an Offensive Security certification such as the OSCP, it is a testament to the personal investment they have made as part of a commitment to their knowledge and career. The Offensive Security Certified Professional Credential demonstrates a comprehensive mastery and practical understanding of pentesting. OSCP — The Hands-On Approach. 10mo. Jul 27, 2023 · 10. CRT equivalency will be granted where the candidate has taken and passed the OSCP certification within three (3) years* of the date that they apply to CREST for recognition and provided that they also hold a valid pass in the CREST Practitioner Security Analyst (CPSA) qualification. But yeah, if you've done little pentesting or are new, just do the OSCP first. •. Just like the CISSP certification, the OSCP certification has two certification levels as well. While many techniques between penetration tests and red teams tests overlap, the goals are different. Aug 15, 2022 · When I got interested in a career in offensive cybersecurity, I looked around for some resources that would help train and develop my technical competencies. These are my view from an outside perspective. This is 100% personal preference though, as both media discuss the same materials. For those of you that did these certs, can you offer some advice on if you'd recommend the Jul 23, 2019 · Offensive Security Certified Expert (OSCE) If the OSCP exam sounded rough then brace yourself. Don't screw around doing OSEP or any other certs until you have OSCP. If you are after a certification, OCSP is better because it is more recognized (nobody knows about OSEP). CRTP and CRTO are entirely different course materials. However, VHL does a great job and having to utilize multiple exploits, or multiple different things found, to be able to get the information needed, much like the OSCP does. Exam: Yes. I only have time/funds for one of them, looking to pad up my resume and rebuild rusty skills. CRTO普遍被认为是OSCP以后,进阶到OSEP的一个很好的过渡,但是我认为就算是没有OSCP,对于学习CRTO也不会有太大的影响。. Open discussion post. Coming to my background I did OSCP recently and have been invlolved in red teaming assignments so I thought why not give one of the most hyped red team certifications a shot. Pentest+ students can take the CertMaster Learn for PenTest+ course, which includes an estimated 40 hours of training. eJPT was really helpful too. Like CEH, it is DoD 8570/ANSI/IEC/ISO 17024 approved. It’ll be great for career. I am happy to get both if that's the case. 敏感信息提取. cissp Another security certification to consider is Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP). 48 hours practical exam without a report. To become an Offensive Security Certified Expert, you must pass a 48 hour lab examination that will thoroughly test you on web exploitation, Windows exploit development, anti-virus evasion, x86 assembly, hand crafting shellcode and more. The CRTO II course is a highly detailed program that primarily focuses on security evasion techniques in the Windows environment, including ASR, WDAC, EDR, and C2 hardening. Again i am repeating examination of CPENT is 10 time broad and better then oscp . CRTP is meant to teach entry level abuse of AD. Before becoming OSCP, I haven't taken any official training from any 6. The unique features about the Sep 14, 2023 · OSCP certification requires candidates to complete a challenging 24-hour hands-on exam, where they must demonstrate their ability to identify vulnerabilities, exploit systems, and document their findings. Actions. Also the OSCP is a lot more intense especially with the 24 hour exam. the eJPT course "PTS" is free at INE and the cert is only $200, then move on to the eCPPT and after that the OSCP. Aug 14, 2023 · OffSec is all about the practical training! The labs were a ton of fun, and were a really great opportunity to refine each topic in the course. I'd still recommend trying to take the exam again, but practice elsewhere before paying for it again. Ecppt is more hand holding than OSCP. After a small research i found two courses offering relevant certificates: eCPTX and Certified Red Teaming Expert , but could not easily decide between one of them. AD Pentesting Cheat Sheet for Linux (OSCP) Suggested Red Team Certification Path. NET tradecraft is kind of outdated now. Eschewing the theoretical approach, OSCP offers a more hands-on teaching method, in tandem with a greater emphasis on self-study. gg/5q5PmCRmBA===== You will find a centralized study group here for multiple certifications like CPTS, CBBH, OSCP, PNPT, EJPT, CRTO, CRTP, CRTE and more. The OSCE is a complete nightmare. I have heard mixed opinions on OSCP with a lot of people saying it's not worth getting compared to CPTS/CRTO since they are much more refined and offer more for red teaming. blog/crto1. The certs you go for should reflect what you want to do. OSCP includes 21 smaller modules on penetration testing topics. C|PENT includes 14 modules with an estimated 40 hours of training. The first is to maintain a mandatory membership with (ISC)². As I had already achieved the OSWE in 2019, I took the 60-day OSEP package from January to February 2021. In CRTP i used mostly powershell, kekeo, mimikatz and bloodhound, in CRTO you need to use a bunch of tools and techniques,i did the RastaLabs from Hackthebox that is similar to the CRTO and is made by the same author, i recommend you to take a look if you didn't do it already, I'm thinking to getting the For oscp prep things are same Htb , tryhackme , live courses like offensive ctf those can prepare you for the same even better too . if work is paying for a SANS course go for GWAPT, GMOB, GAWN, or GCPN. I did CRTP from https://www. Do for job search for elearn vs comptia sec + and you will see what i mean. Here, we will look at our beginner PEN-200: Penetration Testing with Kali Linux (OSCP) PEN-210: Foundational Wireless Network Attacks (OSWP) PEN-300: Advanced Evasion Techniques and Breaching Defenses (OSEP) Oct 5, 2022 · 21. OSCP for me was more introductory to the offensive security mind set and web application pentesting and CRTO sharpened skills needed for actual red team engagements. Like CRTO I, it receives regular updates and offers lifetime access, ensuring you have access to Mar 11, 2021 · The three courses target specific domains and therefore are relevant to different roles in offensive security. PNPT and Pentester Academy concentrate on AD which would be beneficial to doing the new OSCP. OSCP is enormously popular and has become the gold standard in penetration testing. If you have any penetration testing experience, OSEP is a great certification to up your skills. All certifications including CRTP has a dedicated certified CRTP Moderator to help with modules and answer questions. g. By that I mean pivoting opens up a whole new series of issues and considerations. g Active Directory basics, attackive directory) Dec 5, 2019 · oscp vs. 0. 跟杀软友好共处的一些方法. 5 hours recommended for the practical. Its also comparatively cheap. Compared to an OffSec exam (OSCP, OSWE, etc. Yeah I was wondering about whether cloud would be the right direction next too since I have limited experience. If you are a noob, its a great way to get your foot into the door as an entry level Pen Tester. I have sat the CRTP and it's a good course and absolutely OSCP is harder. You need to exploit these machines and provide proof of exploitation. CRTP -> CRTE -> CRTO -> PACES/CRTM -> CRTL. OSCP. Security. Having passed both exams, I can say that there is definite overlap in the content each covers – especially since Offensive Security overhauled their exam. There’s some direct comparisons that could be made between the CPTS and the long-time de facto certification in the offensive space: the OSCP. alteredsecurity. My review of the OSEP course by Offensive Security, the "Experienced PenTester". Tbh now that I understand a lot more I still see OSCP as a entry level cert but I still think it's better to go EJPT -> ECPPT -> OSCP. You will have 23 hours and 45 minutes to Aug 12, 2023 · SOC-200 is an introductory course that covers: attacker methodology, Windows endpoint logging & attacks (including Sysmon), Linux endpoint logging & attacks, network attacks, AV evasion, and of Nov 12, 2023 · 2. Also, worth mentioning while social engineering is a part of red teaming, you still need to be intimately familiar with Windows/Active Directory, OPSEC (i. NET. Its not fair to compare the WAPTX to the OSCP because they focus on different things. It was a shock to the system jumping from ejpt to that. OSCP is renowned for its hands-on approach, setting it apart from many other certifications. If you have your OSCP, the eCPTX would be the next step there. In March 2023, I have passed PEN-200 and become an OffSec Certified Professional (OSCP). The OSCP is a challenging but highly rewarding certification for entry-level security professionals. The membership fee is $125. The number of machines in the lab is meant to be secret as it is part of the information May 1, 2022 · Context I recently took Zero-point Security’s Red Team Ops) course and associated exam (CRTO). ago. This certification teaches more advanced penetration testing techniques as well as met OSCP may be well respected, but you don't absolutely need it to work in the field. As such, I completely skipped over the videos. 23. If you are an experienced programmer/developer, it can help you transition to Security Engineer/Analyst career fields or it can help you to become a defensive developer. I found that I prefer going through the PDF at my own pace, interchanging that with the exercises. Our mission is to extract signal from the noise — to provide value to security practitioners, students, researchers, and hackers everywhere. CRTO is all about local machine evasión to get CS beacons stood up. The exam spanned over two days (48 hours) and tested not only the knowledge I had acquired over the course but also my endurance, determination, and problem-solving abilities. Anti-malware tool evasion; Privilege escalation; WebApp PenTest; OSWE will help in 3 and 4 (from webapp perspective). Looking for some feedback or opinions on OSCP or CRTO for an experienced pro going back to OffSec after having worked IR for a number of years. But IMHO both are great certifications and you can learn a ton by studying for them. The eLearn certs really helped with my web app pen testing skills. Apr 17, 2024 · OSCP (Offensive Security Certified Professional) OSCP, like CEH, also focuses on the penetration testing or hacking. Projects. Insights. Thanks to rastamouse for the best learning experience. Sort by: t1nk3rz. I admit the hype is real. With OSCP you will need to know what an exploit for a specific service does, be able to alter it and make it work for your needs and then exploit the machine and privesc to get root. So far I am thinking: eJPT > eCPPT > OSCP/CPTS/CRTO. 5 hours, with 2. It is a focused and useful certification and has become the standard for penetration testing in the security domain. The course material provides in-depth knowledge and is highly valuable. It is also known as Daniel Duggan’s a. PEN-300/OSEP teaches Red Team skills - if your job involves network penetration (such Certified Red Team Operator (CRTO) Course Review. + Follow. However, it assumes some basic pentestinf skills. While this is good for validating an information security professional’s real-world pen testing skills, it’s not easy on the prospective candidate. So basically it's up to you. I dont think it's a major factor as majority of folks on my team dont May 7, 2021 · Let us start with a review of my latest certification CRTO. PEN-300 will peovide the knowledge and techniques required As already stated, OSCP has more street cred. To pass one must simply submit the flags. Would recommend CRTO and CRTL over CTRP and CRTE. If you are after the learning and you are interested in Active Directory, Metasploit, C2 framework, evasion techniques, OSEP is better. If you want web app I’d skip eWPT until they update the material and instead go for CBBH. Offensive Security are well known for imposing various restrictions in their exam (in fact, they publish the OSCP exam guide). The exam was an incredible experience overall. With that said, my 2 cents - IF u already have OSCP and get mostly infra assignments, go for OSEP. Ultimately, deciding between Apr 14, 2015 · 1. Jul 9, 2023 · The Ultimate Challenge: The Exam. Accomplished cybersecurity professional with a strong track record of success in helping… | Learn more about Matthew Sheimo, MS, CISSP, CRISC, CRTO, OSCP's work experience, education Normally folks go in reverse in that they get the eCPPT before OSCP. The objective of the certification challenge is to demonstrate creative thinking and success in penetration of the victim targets. The Certified Penetration Tester Specialist (CPTS) certification offered by HackTheBox(HTB) is the new kid on the block for entry level penetration testing and many people are wondering how it stacks up to the industry standard certification Offensive Security Certified Professional(OSCP) by Offsec. CEH article, as they are very similar. Jul 29, 2023 · Virtual Hacking Labs will also prepare you for the exam and VHL Pro Labs you will be beyond exam material. OSCP is highly regarded for its rigorous nature and practical approach to penetration testing. We compared these two certifications in our Pentest+ vs. Jul 10, 2020 · PEN-200/PWK/OSCP. What I mean by this is that its only difficult because of the tool restrictions and time limit. If webapp is your speciality, go for OSWE. Certificate: You get a badge once you pass the exam & multiple badges during complention of the course. If you take the CEH through Pearson Vue, the current normal fee for the exam voucher is a hefty $1,199. Example job title: Offensive security engineer. I highly recommend this Completed ejpt last year, got my OSCP exam this august 22nd, i was planning in doing more red teaming stuff like crto, crtp but apparently burpsuite certification is what people recommend, i may think about that pathway again! I wanted to do some cobalt strike stuff, crto gives me the opportunity to do that. By completing the OSCP certification, you not only prove your technical prowess but also gain the confidence to tackle complex security challenges. Hello there, I have been hearing a lot of positive feedback about the CPTS cert lately. Background. The course material comes with an approximately 800-1000 page PDF and around 18-25 hours worth of video content covering Yeah CRTO is a good one after OSCP. OSCP has a lab to exploit too, and some coursework exercises, but these are only looked upon in the case of the candidate being borderline on the exam result. This course taught AV evasion and great execution and lateral techniques. I wrote this blog to share my experiences with the exam and do an overall review of it. Yes - OSCP is 24 hours, CRT is 3. While theyre both relatively unknown outside of certain types of people. CPTS after OSCP. No reporting is necessary. Sup hackers, I’m a seasoned Cybersecurity guy, since the beginning of my career I was more inclined to red team than blue, but I have more experience in blue, get certified in red team to pursue a decent job nowadays it’s complicated cause it Just wanted to get opinions on which one would be best or if there are other courses available i would be open to them. Valid period: Does not expire. Note: OSCP exam takers need to be familiar with the Linux distro. CRTO vs CRTP /r/netsec is a community-curated aggregator of technical information security content. Mar 27, 2021 · As with OSCP, the course offers the theory in both a 700-page PDF and approximately 19 hours of video. AD is still very relevant and kind of overlaps with CRTO although they go in more details. Section 1 describes the requirements for the exam, Section 2 provides important information and suggestions, and Section 3 specifies instructions for after the exam is complete. zi ug rz ne yk ml oa qn db am