Humane hatchery. They did refund me the entire amount for the order.

Humane hatchery. when they refer to hatching they usually say "our hatching physicality" From what I understand IS Meyer hatchery. Our chickens are raised the way nature intended - on a diet of vegetable scraps and with ample room to roam free. ” Our undercover video, however, exposes the harsh realities forced upon these baby birds on their very first day of life as they emerge from their shells, destined to Orpingtons average 8 lbs for hens and 10 lbs for roosters and are dual-purpose, making them an excellent choice for homesteads or backyard flocks alike. Sep 5, 2017 · The entire Hatchery experience is stress-free, and then the chicks move to the farms, where fresh new litter awaits them and their journey continues. cok. Female = 3. Best place for egg hatching in Muzaffarpur. Our current facilities consist of our soon-to-be-improved spawning building, Incubation room, 9 round ponds plumbed for fresh and salt water, a wet lab, and workshops located in both the newly renovated Mill building and bottom level of the Sage Humane Farm Animal Care DBA Certified Humane® is a registered 501 (c) 3 nonprofit certification organization headquartered in the Metropolitan Washington DC area and dedicated to improving the lives of farm animals in food production from birth through slaughter. It is a key part of Bell & Evans' expansion, which is well over $100 million. When you adopt from Lake Norman Humane, you're not only saving a life, you're also saving a lot of money. They have been around for decades! They are one of the largest poultry suppliers, and they have more than 100 breeds to offer. The Margaree hatchery was not genetically divergent from samples that had evidence of fin erosion (potential hatchery origin) in Lake O'Law Brook in Margaree River (F ST = 0. According to past customers, they offer quality at Humane CertifiedTM and non-certified animals or products. 5. Male/Neutered. Purchased 15 chicks, their minimum, on March 5, 2017 online. 1 of the 5 died on the way to my parent's house, the other 4 died over the next 2 days despite all attempts to save them. This step involves meticulous record-keeping and monitoring of the flock's health and I think if it takes over 2 days the chicks get pretty stressed and you start getting more losses. Feb 13, 2016 · An undercover video shot at Bell & Evans’ existing hatchery actually gave Sechler some of the motivation to look for a more humane approach at his new facility. I just linked their link that speaks for itself. Model Differences. Minimums – Not Sexed = 3. These are the three programs that the ASPCA recommends to welfare-conscious consumers and businesses through our Shop With Your Heart campaign. Dog Adoption. Hoover’s Hatchery was born in the summer of 1944 when Bob Hoover and his wife Helen decided to take over the small existing hatchery that was here in the small town of Rudd, Iowa. Mar 28, 2024 · By Cara Buckley. Group size: Tours require a minimum of five people. Box 39 Fredericksburg, PA 17026. Mom and Dad stayed together through three nests and eleven years before Dad disappeared in April of 2018. If you have chicken fever like we do then look no further, we are YOUR people! Our 2024 lineup consists of the following breeds: Alchemist Blue 2024 line. Smart Chicken. 75. com to inform them of the mistake. At McMurray Hatchery, we have hand-packed each order of baby chicks with care for over 100 years. 20th, Digimon Pendulum Ver. S. Green Circle Chicken, Drumsticks. Certified Organic Smart chickens are fed an organic grain diet, are free-range and certified humane by the Humane Farm Animal Care Facilities. To achieve this second goal, GNP plans to invest about $80 million to grow its operations and increase the allotted space per bird by 10 percent. Our top priority is to always push the bar higher when it comes to Humane Animal Welfare. com Feb 10, 2023 · 1. Ensuring our high standards for humane quality of life begins here for our flock. High mortality rates, disease, and parasite infestations are common. As detailed above, we have closely aligned our practices with many of the HFAC's (Humane Farm Animal Care) Humane Raised and Handled program's criteria. Details: http://www. Jan 18, 2008 · Seems you have a dog in the fight. Commonly used stunning methods – dry May 14, 2023 · Exposing Abuse in a ‘Humane’ Hatchery (2021) A CHICKEN’S JOURNEY TO THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE. Jan 27, 2016 · Bell & Evans, a poultry company in Fredericksburg, Lebanon County, said Wednesday it planned to spend to spend about $30 million on a new hatchery designed to be more humane by providing immediate access to fresh food, water, air, and light for the hatchlings. Deformities and stress-related injuries are also a regular occurrence. , P. Maeg is bursting with knowledge when it comes to starting your first flock so I can't wait for you to read on. Pre-hatched chicks may also be included in the “package” so that students can watch and hold them while waiting for the Contact American Humane 1400 16th Street NW, Suite 360 Washington, DC 20036 Tax ID/EIN: 84-0432950 [email protected] (800) 227-4645 May 11, 2021 · The demand for certifications from welfare organisations, such as Compassion in World Farming and the Humane Slaughter Association (HSA) is also growing as consumers want reassurance about farming standards and adherence to legislation. They also have a small minimum order quantity (3-chick minimum) and free shipping for orders of 15 chicks or more. It’s where life outside the shell commences for up to 80,000 poults each week. This diet—plus our low-stress, humane living conditions—keep our chickens healthy without the need for growth hormones, antibiotics or other additives. If you’re searching for hatching eggs or chickens for sale, look no further. Bell & Evans, an organic chicken producer based in Pennsylvania, has recently become the first USDA certified organic chicken hatchery with a focus on the humane treatment of animals in the U. J&M Hatchery Nov 24, 2010 · The Humane Society of the United States is calling for more humane methods of handling sick and injured chicks. 1. The eggs are purchased from commercial hatcheries. This practice, called “grading,” is very stressful and results in painful scrapes and a loss of protective scales, leaving fish vulnerable to disease. How does this make Find Blue Sky Family Farms eggs in a store near you, available at grocery stores nationwide. Reserve your 2024 Poultry orders now for delivery to your local Post Office. Dec 16, 2022 · This hatchery is about fast, hassle-free delivery and humane order and shipping policies. Received order confirmation email promptly with my chosen ship date Chick It Out™️ is an interactive and educational AR app which helps explore the egg development, life stages and anatomy of our feathered friends, chickens! Watch a mother hen lovingly care for her eggs, keeping them warm and gently turning them in her nest. Our undercover video, however, exposes the harsh realities forced upon these baby birds on their very first day of life as they emerge from their shells, destined to be raised for their meat. Jun 22, 2017 · Read More:Bell & Evans to build state-of-the-art humane hatchery. net/inv/bell-and-evans/ - In 2013, a Compassion Over Killing investigator worked inside a chicken hatchery owned by Bell & Evans, a c School chick-hatching projects, ostensibly designed to teach students about life cycles, involve placing fertilized chicken eggs in classroom incubators until they hatch. Chickens in education: Hands-on learning, responsibility, sustainable food, and compassion. Iowa DNR Fish Hatchery More than 130 million fish are stocked annually into Iowa waters, raised in cold water fish hatcheries, cool and warm water hatcheries and egg-taking stations. Seasonal/Shipped Feb thru September. Even I learned something new from this guest post! Feb 20, 2020 · Both hatchery samples (Fraser's Mills and Margaree) were significantly genetically divergent from most wild brook trout sampling sites, with one exception. Bell & Evans partnered with Netherlands-based companies HatchTech and Viscon to design this new hatchery concept, which is free of antibiotics, does not use machines to handle the chicks, and feeds all chicks organic mini-pelleted feed from grains grown only in the U. D. We offer free shipping on all poultry book s, equipment, and poultry supplies for sale on orders totaling $25 or more. Feb 16, 2021 · American Humane, a U. More:When it comes to raising chickens, Bell & Evans owner is not cheap. Average Straight-Run Silkie Price: $3. None of our male chicks are culled at birth, all are given homes to families who are looking for roosters or are impoverished and use them for food. The egg industry hides a dark secret. We believe they deserve to live as nature intended. We cannot ship Turkeys to Hawaii. ago. HFAC Alignment. Male = 1. Manual List / Ranking. I won't order from them anymore. Aug 15, 2023 · Reach out to a school near you and see if they plan on using chickens in their curriculum this year! 10% off ALL Hatching Egg and Incubators! February 2nd – February 18th, 2024. 520 Chestnut Hill Rd. Fish raised and stocked from hatcheries include trout, channel catfish, hybrid striped bass, muskellunge, northern pike, saugeye, walleye and more. Cackle Hatchery – Best Overall Hatchery. All of our chicks are hatched at our family-owned hatchery and placed within our community of more than 180 local farm families. Experience the latest innovation in poultry with our exclusive Green Circle™ chicken. At that point, Doug and Mary Halsted had been long time employees of the Sunworks Farm is the home of Ron and Sheila Hamilton located near Armena, AIberta. We own our own feed mills which process the feed – a corn and soybean meal mixture supplemented with vitamins and minerals. More:300 more jobs come with Bell & Evans' new plant. ? _____ No Comment Mandatory ___/25 Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Does the farm have a written, comprehensive document that contains SOPs for on-farm traceability of American Humane CertifiedTM and non-certified product that covers: F3 And we constantly update our inventory with more high-quality products. Cost: Tours start at $60. Chickens will require veterinary care. Who is the T. Order now for estimated delivery by April 25, 2024. March 28, 2024. At Miller Poultry, we’ve been raising local chicken with the help of farmers in Michigan and Indiana since 1974. Freedom Ranger is a family of four different hatcheries with a shared faith and family traditions that lead to the best day-old chicks, hatching eggs, guinea chicks, and silkie chicks for sale. Sep 20, 2023 · 1. Whatever you are looking for, there is a big possibility that they have it. Our team selects every chick in each order by hand, and does everything possible — from the highest quality chicks, to custom-made, reinforced boxes, and our 48-hour live delivery guarantee — to ensure each box of chicks we ship arrives at their new home safely. They love to be outside socializing, foraging, flapping their wings in the dirt (dust bathing), and scratching the day away. They begin laying light brown to tinted eggs at 20-24 weeks, averaging 3-6 eggs per week. The ultimate resource for modern Digimon Virtual Pets. humane organization, unveiled new standards specifically geared to the humane raising of salmon and trout, a first for the aquaculture industry. OM disappeared in the early fall of 2007 and was replaced by Mom, Dad’s second mate. 50 for a female egg layer. Choose Rani Poultry Farm & Hatchery and join our satisfied customers in hatching your own flock of healthy and happy poultry! Aug 31, 2016 · Within four years the company plans for all of its Gold’n Plump chicken products to carry the “No Antibiotics-Ever” label, as well as the American Humane Certified farm program seal. The chicken’s wing catches on the opening of the crate, but the worker forces his body through anyway. I ordered turkeys from Mcmurray once, it was a horrible experience so I understand your pain. Humane hatchery practices Apr 13, 2017 · Prices per chick depend on the breed, size of the order, and the hatchery, but hover around $2. iStock/OlgaVolodina. Stop scouring other websites that don’t have what you want. The poultry farming procedure begins with the careful selection of breeding stock. Overview Overview of “Humane” Meat, Dairy & Eggs As the public grows increasingly aware of factory farm cruelties, many consumers are removing animal products from their diets, or purchasing them from companies that advertise improved animal welfare. As many as 300 million chicks are killed in the United States every year, and The Bell & Evans Humane Animal Welfare Standard is the most comprehensive, fully integrated program in the industry today. Jan 23, 2024 · Bell & Evans was the first chicken producer to remove the use of antibiotics from 100% of its production more than 20 years ago, but it’s worth noting again that no antibiotics are administered into the eggs or chicks. Now I hatch my own from eggs I get on here, buy at shows, or buy from local breeders. Macerating chicks is considered a humane method by some. Mar 6, 2024 · California Hatchery ships day-old chicks, ducklings, and hatching eggs. Bell&Evans. Food. These birds should be promptly and humanely euthanized rather than left on the floor Nov 25, 2010 · A Humane Society investigator worked at the hatchery and shot video that appears to show employees cutting the toes off poults before tossing them down a chute to a bloody conveyor belt. Hook has grown to become the largest independent hatchery company in the UK. Shop Now We Guarantee Live Arrival Welcome to The Chick Hatchery Reserve your 2024 Chick Orders Now for the […] Sep 8, 2017 · Sep 8, 2017. Male chicks are useless to the Egg Industry, so they're discarded like trash. Oct 19, 2013 · Search titles only By: Search Advanced search… We spare no detail when it comes to humane animal welfare. We put an extensive amount of time, research and money into our commitment to raising organic chickens Oct 18, 2013 · In 2013, our investigator worked inside a chicken hatchery owned by Bell & Evans, a company that prides itself on its so-called “humane animal welfare. High-quality birds for a variety of poultry breeds, including chickens, quails, and ducks. BitterFootball5819. The hatchery, described Male chicks in hatcheries are killed in the most humane way possible. One day, several workers enter the shed. Chickens can make a positive impact on students. Mar 19, 2019 · In the hatching industry, roosters are considered to have very little value, which means their lives are cut short, even at the most ethical or humane hatchery. Meyer Hatchery offers several color varieties, including Buff, Black Split to Lavender, Chocolate, Blue Jan 9, 2015 · Alchemist Farm is based in Sebastopol California and is a humane hatchery. The Rani Poultry Farm & Hatchery, MIC, Bela Phase, 2, Muzaffarpur, Bihar 842005. Black Laced Silver Wyandotte – Sold as Baby Chicks Only. Quality of Life: RCAS desires a high quality of life for Rockdale County citizens and pets and will work to create an enjoyable and positive environment for the community. However, they don’t offer a hatching guarantee, and they only offer straight run for certain chicken breeds. WPC produces 600,000 poults (baby turkeys) each week—30 million birds annually—to turkey factory farms throughout the country. “We are thrilled to expand the scope of our American Humane Certified™ program and elevate the standards in the aquaculture space for the humane treatment of fish,” said Nov 8, 2023 · 1. 100% of ticket purchases go directly to AHS to support the Valley’s most injured, sick, and vulnerable pets! Vital Bracelet Digital Monster (VBDM, Digivice -V-, Vital Hero) Original Dim Evolution Guide. Newly hatched chicks can only survive 2-3 days w/o food & water so once you pass that 2 day window they're severely stressed & you will have increased losses. They euthanize unsold chicks. One of the first steps in the egg production process. • 1 yr. We use 100% U. Unlike other producers, our feeders are the most innovative in the industry and are cleaned Based on the existing hatchery site at Cote in Oxfordshire, P. Sep 23, 2013 · This is not humane treatment of an animal. Or, for more information, call us at 417-532-4581. Selection of Parent Stock. 95. -- An undercover investigation by the Humane Society of the United States has documented what the organization alleges is routine abuse and cruelty involving newly hatched turkey A Brief History of the Decorah Eagles: OM, Dad, Mom, DM2, HM, and HD. German Bielefelder. They sent my 11 chicks out at the end of Feb and 4 were flat out dead when I opened the box, 2 were awake and up, and 5 more were barely moving. This program is recognized nationally as the gold standard in animal welfare. Our Humane Animal Welfare Standard is the most comprehensive program Take some time to browse our complete inventory of turkeys today, and give us a call at 417-532-4581 to learn more from a member of our team. Price $23. Our humane animal welfare standards are upheld throughout the chickens’ entire lifespan. Last edited: Apr 12, 2010 Feb 2, 2016 · The new hatchery will cost about $30 million to build and equip, which is nearly twice the initial estimate, Secher said. We ensure our chickens have the best. We ended up w 2 survivors. Length of tour: 30 -45 minutes. One of them grabs the chicken by his leg and carries him upside down. Our adoption prices vary according to the age, breed, medical needs, and size of an animal. Featured Baby Chicks for Sale. Due to the expectation in our world for cheap sources of meat, there are no requirements for chickens to be raised or killed in humane conditions. While antibiotics are prohibited for use in USDA certified organic livestock, a loophole allows routine use of Feb 4, 2016 · The new hatchery will cost about $30 million to build and equip, which is nearly twice the initial estimate, Sechler said. Ideal Poultry. 100% of our chicken houses are built for organic transition, because we continue to promote and grow organic. Click on any of our product categories to learn more about the equipment we have available. At present, this could be through exposure to certain gasses or via a process known as maceration. Miller Poultry is truly an “egg-to-table” operation. Nov 24, 2010 · WILLMAR, Minn. 2 years. Welcome to P. 7. We currently produce poultry across the full spectrum including Organic, Free Range, Freedom Foods, Oakham and Red Tractor. Dad Decorah and his first mate, OM, began nesting near the fish hatchery in 2002. M&B Farm & Hatchery Inc is a Farm located at 630 Sloan Hill Rd, Hortense, Georgia 31543, US. They ship to all states, including Hawaii, and they offer a guarantee for unbroken eggs. Contact Meyer Hatchery. Be sure to attach photos when the bird (s) is between 14 and 22 weeks old that clearly show the hackle, saddle, and tail feathers of the bird (s) in Feb 16, 2021 · The new standards are specifically geared to the humane raising of salmon and trout, a first for the aquaculture industry. Come join us in exploring the 21 days of a developing embryo inside an egg, with a In 2013, a Compassion Over Killing investigator worked inside a chicken hatchery owned by Bell & Evans, a company that prides itself for its so-called “humane animal welfare. We give our chickens room to roam and Win a Toyota 4Runner! The Arizona Humane Society’s Ulti-Mutt Car Raffle is back thanks to our amazing partners at Valley Toyota Dealers. SO from what I understand they get the birds from Meyer but have their own breeding programs there. This hatchery is most well known for their day-old ducklings which they offer nearly year-round and are shipped directly from California. Jan 28, 2016 · Additionally, the hatchery will utilize an in-ovo vaccination machine and a stress-free chick transfer line to contribute to the humane handling of the chicks. Apr 12, 2021 · For every new egg-laying hen born into today’s factory farming system, a male chick is killed — or “culled. Minimum order: 3. At County Line Hatchery and Exotics Farm, we are passionate about providing our customers with delicious, farm-fresh game bird products that are bursting with flavor. What Happens to Male Chicks in the Egg Industry? Chicks of egg-laying breeds are sexed on their first day of life at the hatchery. While it may be tempting to think of a backyard flock as a source of inexpensive eggs, hens, like cats and dogs, require periodic veterinary care. Oct 27, 2013 · Sad truth. It has received 4 reviews with an average rating of 5 stars. If you’ve accidentally received a rooster from Meyer Hatchery, reach out to our customer service team by email at info@meyerhatchery. Our certified humane program ensures that our chickens are treated with care and respect from The Guide covers three meaningful certification programs that represent a spectrum of higher-welfare ways to raise farm animals: Animal Welfare Approved, Certified Humane ® and Global Animal Partnership. Jun 29, 2017 · The facility is the nation’s first humane, animal-welfare-focused hatchery. The Sheldon Jackson Hatchery (SJH) operates at the Sitka Sound Science Center (SSSC) to further our goal of education and research. Quality 4H/FAA Turkey Hatchery offering Quality Heritage Turkey & Broad Breasted Turkey Breeds for Sale - Order Baby Turkeys from Cackle Hatchery Today! The McMurray Difference. 99. His wing fractures. Ed H said: Great variety of stock at Hoover's Hatchery. They don't tell us how many or how they do it. 007). Hook. Apr 12, 2010 · From my Understanding, My Pet Chicken isn't a hatchery but has close working relationships with hatcheries such as Meyer. JM Hatchery. The American Humane CertifiedTM program for zoos and aquariums has two overarching components: the Pre-Audit Application and the On-Site Audit of a facility’s animal collection. Growth charts for Digital Monster Ver. The Martin family, based out of New Holland, PA has been running JM Hatchery LLC for generations with an eye on excellent customer service, quality product, and satisfaction that they work in accordance to their Mennonite faith. Azure Eggers 2024 line. We are guided by our values and strongly believe in the principals of organic and holistic agriculture, as well as the importance of ethical/humane handling of all creatures, including our farm animals. The goal of the program is to improve the lives of farm animals by expanding Does anyone know where I can order eggs in the US, where they not only treat their egg laying hens humanely, but they also either don't kill the male… Health of Animals: RCAS values the welfare of the animals in our care and those in the community and will act in a caring and kind way. Click the availability projections below before you add to cart. Healthy and genetically superior birds are chosen for reproduction to ensure that their offspring inherit desirable traits. Related Story. Selected Golden Laced Wyandotte (2), Speckled Sussex (2), Barred Rock (2), Black Australorp (2), Americana (2), Salmon Faverolle (2), and Tetra Brown (3). On some farms, as many as 40 percent of the fish Dec 8, 2020 · Smart Chicken $5. Watch Company VideoWatch Careers Video. 79 per pound on Fresh Direct. M aximum capacity at the Golden Valley location is 20 participants, and 15 participants at other sites. Ideal Poultry started in 1937. Construction of the hatchery is Shelter Tour details. If you are uncomfortable with supporting an organization where male chickens end up as meat, it is important to avoid purchasing from a hatchery all-together. They won't pay the extra to get them delivered w/in 2 days. ” Live bird transportation plays a key role in Bell & Evans’ Humane Animal Welfare Standards. Our barns are certified by the Global Animal Partnership to ensure strict animal welfare standards are in place, and we do our best to source our feed ingredients from local farmers to minimize our carbon footprint and ensure . Terrier/Mix. It’s less of a McMurray issue and more of a shipping chicks as a whole problem…. In 2013, a person working for the animal welfare group Compassion Over Killing secretly shot video in the company’s Belleville hatchery, and the group criticized Bell & Evans for Apr 2, 2010 · I also chose not to support hatcheries for humane reasons (I'm also a vegetarian, only eat my own eggs, etc. Both the Pre-Audit and On-Site Audit are designed to apply to zoos, aquaria, nature centers, museums and conservation centers of any size. 13 Outrageous Chicken Coop Designs; The most popular breeds? "Brown egg layers," says Wood, which includes Brahmas, Plymouth Rocks, Delawares, and a number of other breeds that produce brown eggs. One of the main aspects of welfare is the slaughtering process. Available breeds: Buff Laced Polish, Black Minorcas, and more. We are Michigan’s Premier Source of Superior Quality Poultry We have been Raising, Hatching & Shipping Quality Poultry since 2012. We set the standards by going above and beyond what is required. 1) Pre-Audit Application. ”. Total of 3 birds to ship. Nov 25, 2010 · The Humane Society of the United States released its findings this week from an 11-day undercover operation in October at the Willmar Poultry Company in Willmar, Minnesota. But because they don’t lay eggs or produce Sep 9, 2019 · The Chick Hatchery. Minimum age: Participants must be at least 6 years old. Dog. Watch our video below. , the largest turkey hatchery in the country. See full list on insteading. Reply. Most hatcheries produce large numbers of chicks of all different breeds on a regular basis so that customers can place an order and have it filled in a As the centerpiece of our operations, the Jaindl turkey hatchery has stood the test of time while containing all the elements of our hatching operation. Others similarly turn to smaller or local farms, believing that animals on small farms are not subjected to cruel practices. At the forefront of everything we do at Bushel and a Peck Hatchery is the welfare and quality of Mar 21, 2023 · Top 8 Chicken Hatcheries in Texas. Unfortunately Humane Society of the United States undercover investigator was employed at Willmar Poultry Company (WPC) in Willmar, Minn. Price range: Starts at $1. Located in the heart of the Midwest,our family-owned and operated farm is dedicated to sustainable and humane farming practices. They did refund me the entire amount for the order. Male chicks in hatcheries are killed in the most humane way possible. Oct 20, 2020 · “From our Hatchery to live bird transportation, on the farm care and live bird receiving and handling at our processing facility, every step of our process continues to be examined so we can feel good about our humane animal welfare standards. grown organic-certified grains in our organic chicken feed. ). What qualifies as "humane" euthanasia is a matter of opinion and not even revealed by mypetchicken. Is an egg really worth it to you? 55706716. Bob and Helen hatched and sold baby chicks until their retirement in the early 70’s. grown organic feed, fresh water, and light as soon I've had health issues with all the chicks I've ordered from TSCO, primarily due to shipping. Hatchery Stage a. Hatching on April 22, 2024. Chickens can become ill or get injured, and vet exams and treatment can easily cost over $100 per visit. CHECK WEBSITE. in fact, I believe they share a building with Meyer hatchery. "I think We have done a humbling amount of research into the best breeds of high production unique egg laying hens as well as the most unique looking chickens. We are committed to marketing as much of our products as Oct 6, 2020 · 3. Corporate Office: 717-865-6626 Recruiting: 717-865-1121 Customer Service: 717-454-3561 For Your Family. 20th, Digital Monster X, Digimon Pendulum Z and Vital Bracelet. The establishment is listed under farm, animal rescue service, chicken hatchery category. The most important difference of this Hatchery is that chicks enjoy U. Every year in the United States, more than 300 million male chicks are hatched. Adventure Checklist. O. Details. We can accommodate larger groups by scheduling Apr 9, 2020 · They are a very small poultry farm and humane hatchery who focus on selective chicken breeding for homesteaders, backyard chicken keepers, and small farms. te xi qa bq tr vi wp iu nj jl